Koen Bostoen (BantUGent), Peter Coutros (BantUGent), Jessamy Doman (BantUGent), Cesar Fortes-Lima (Johns Hopkins University), Sara Pacchiarotti (BantUGent) and Carina Schlebusch (Uppsala University) presented online on “Climate change, population collapse and early settlement of Bantu speakers south of the Congo Forest” at the “The Language of Extreme Events” conference at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena (April 22-23, 2024). The entire program is available here. The book of abstracts can be consulted here.
Author: Koen Bostoen
International workshop at Osaka University in honor of Prof. Nobuko Yoneda
On March 21 and 22, 2024, an international workshop on “Dialogues in Swahili and Bantu linguistics” took place at Osaka University to celebarate the career and retirement of Prof. Nobuko Yoneda, who used to be a partner in the ILCAA-BantUGent Joint Research Project “The Past and Present of Bantu Languages: Integrating Micro-Typology, Historical-Comparative Linguistics and Lexicography”.
The full program is available here. Koen Bostoen (BantUGent) was invited to present a talk titled “Bantu Language divergence and convergence and deep-time population history in the Lower Kasai area (DR Congo)”.
At the occasion of this celebration, a special issue of the Journal of Swahili and African Studies (n°35, 2024) was published including an article titled “Noncausal/Causal Alternations and the Rise of Lability in Ngwi (West-Coastal Bantu, B861)” by Koen Bostoen and Sara Pacchiarotti (BantUGent).
Koen Bostoen talks at Kyoto University
BantuGent contributes to geography, inventory, and description of Teke languages in DRC and Congo
As the outcome of fieldwork done as part of the BantuFirst project, Guy Kouarata, Sara Pacchiarotti and Koen Bostoen have a new French paper out on the geography, inventory and description of the Teke languages in DRC and Congo. It includes new lexical data collected during survey missions in “Teke-speaking” areas from April 8 to June 15, 2021 and from June 29 to August 15, 2022. These surveys aimed at a better mapping of the geographical distribution of Teke varieties, especially in the DRC. The new lexical data, one list containing 650 lexical correspondences in 11 Teke varieties that are little or not at all described (https://osf.io/gn6ka), and another of about 370 correspondences in 12 other varieties (https://osf.io/vdfxt) are available in open access on the Open Science Framework. The article has just been published in the journal Linguistique et langues africaines: https://journals.openedition.org/lla/12921.
BantUGent-onderzoek in Knack
Op 7 februari 2024 rapporteert het Nederlandstalig Belgisch tijdschrift Knack in zijn rubriek “Planeet Draulans” over de recente Nature paper met betrekking tot de verspreiding van de Bantoetalen waaraan het BantuFirst-project (BantUGent) bijdroeg.
EOS Wetenschap rapporteert over de verspreiding van de Bantoetalen
Het Nederlandstalig populariserend wetenschappelijk tijdschrift EOS Wetenschap rapporteert online over BantUGent-onderzoek met betrekking tot de verspreiding van de Bantoetalen.
De taal kruipt waar ze niet gaan kan, toont de verspreiding van Bantoe in Afrika
Genetisch onderzoek toont voor het eerst welke migratieroutes West-Afrikaanse Bantoesprekers duizenden jaren geleden namen. De reizigers lieten zich allerminst afschrikken door hoogvlaktes, regenwouden of woestijnen. De bevindingen kunnen ook onderzoek naar gezondheidsproblemen in Congo bevorderen.
Met zo’n vijfhonderd talen en meer dan 350 miljoen sprekers is Bantoe de grootste taalfamilie van Afrika. De verspreiding begon zes- tot vierduizend jaar geleden vanuit West-Afrika, en geldt als een van de belangrijkste demografische gebeurtenissen op het hele continent. Het culturele en biologische landschap is sindsdien drastisch veranderd.
In een nieuwe paper, die zopas verschenen is in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Nature, lichten onderzoekers toe hoe die verspreiding precies is gebeurd. Het team van wetenschappers – een interdisciplinaire groep van taalkundigen, genetici en biologen – achterhaalde dat de Bantoesprekers naar het oosten maar ook naar het zuiden van het continent trokken.
Regenwouden en savannes
Vooral die zuidwaartse trek is vrij uitzonderlijk. Meestal vestigen migrerende gemeenschappen zich in regio’s met een vergelijkbaar klimaat en milieu. Meerdere groepen Bantoesprekers uit West-Afrika deden dat niet: ze doorkruisten hoogland in Kameroen, regenwouden in Centraal-Afrika en savannes in het zuidwesten van het continent.
De onderzoekers stelden ook vast dat de Bantoegemeenschappen zich niet in één keer massaal verspreidden, maar dat de migratie veeleer in golven verliep. Het huidige Zambia en de Democratische Republiek Congo waren daarbij cruciaal: verschillende migratieroutes kwamen daar samen.
Het onderzoeksteam baseerde zich voor zijn bevindingen op genetische data van 1.763 individuen, waaronder 1.526 Bantoesprekers uit 147 verschillende talengemeenschappen in veertien Afrikaanse landen. Het analyseerde ook oud-DNA van twaalf individuen uit de late IJzertijd. Die gegevens werden verzameld door een groep van Gentse en Congolese onderzoekers.
Intensieve contacten
De onderzoekers ontdekten daarbij ook dat de migranten uit West-Afrika intensieve contacten aangingen met anderstalige bevolkingsgroepen die al in die regio’s leefden, zoals jagers-verzamelaars in het regenwoud van Congo en de Kalahariwoestijn. Tot die bevindingen waren de onderzoekers niet gekomen als ze uitsluitend naar taalgegevens hadden gekeken, stellen ze.
De genetische dataset waarop de studie is gebaseerd, kan in de toekomst een ander doel dienen, zegt klinisch bioloog Joris Delanghe (UGent), die meewerkte aan de studie. ‘Ze zal ook een voorname rol spelen in onderzoek naar gezondheidsproblemen waarmee verschillende regio’s in Congo geconfronteerd worden.’
Tot de Bantoetalen behoren onder meer het Lingala, Kiswahili en Kikongo. Die worden vandaag ook in België en elders in Europa veel gesproken.
Bron: Koen Bostoen, Universiteit Gent
Beeld: Peter Coutros, Universiteit Gent
New Nature paper on the Bantu Expansion co-authored by several BantUGent scholars
In a new interdisciplinary study published in Nature, an international group of scientists confirms that the spread of the Bantu language family, which started in West Africa about 5,000 years ago, was mainly driven by human migration. Migrating Bantu speakers spread their languages and new ways of life throughout central, eastern and southern Africa. In the process, they established intensive contacts with populations speaking other languages who already lived in those regions, such as hunter-gatherers in the Congo rainforest and the Kalahari Desert. Most contemporary Bantu speakers have distant ancestors originating from West Africa, while a minority are descended from local populations. The expansion of Bantu languages and their speakers dramatically transformed the linguistic, cultural and biological landscape of Africa.
This new study is based primarily on modern genetic data from 1763 individuals, including 1526 Bantu speakers from 147 different language communities in 14 different African countries, as well as ancient genetic data (aDNA) from 12 individuals from the Late Iron Age. More than one-third of the new data comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), previously underrepresented in evolutionary genetic studies. Together with their Congolese partners, the Ghent research teams of Prof. Koen Bostoen (BantuFirst, Department of Languages and Cultures, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy) and Prof. Joris Delanghe (Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) collected modern genetic data. These genetic data were analyzed at the University of Uppsala (Sweden) under the direction of Prof. Carina Schlebusch.
The full study can be consulted at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06770-6
press release Nature Bantu UGent
BantUGent welcomes Pieter De Coene as a new PhD student
Pieter De Coene‘s historical PhD research project titled Kubandwa in the southwestern Great Lakes, 15th century – 1930s. A case-study in the historical dynamics of public healing under the co-supervision of Gillian Mathys, Felicitas Becker, Jean-Marie Nduwayo (Burundi University), and Koen Bostoen (BantUGent) is now co-hosted by BantUGent. Welcome, Pieter!

BantUGent welcomes Edward Ntonda and Aron Zahran as new PhD students
Edward Ntonda (Université Paris-Nanterre) and Aron Zahran (INALCO Paris) join the BantUGent research group as joint PhD students. The two of them conduct research on the Chikunda language as part of the ANR-funded Orikunda project led by Rozenn Guérois (LLACAN Villejuif & BantUGent associate). At UGent, their their doctoral project will be co-supervised by Koen Bostoen and Maud Devos. More information can be found here. Welcome to Aron & Edward.


BantUGent welcomes new PhD student Nina van der Vlugt
FWO has awarded Nina van der Vlugt (°1998) a PhD fellowship for fundamental research for her doctoral project titled “Divergence and convergence in the Shona languages: contact, migration, and change in a subgroup of Southern African Bantu“, which she will carry out at BantUGent under the co-supervision of Koen Bostoen and Hilde Gunnink. Nina has BA and MA degree in Linguistics from Leiden University. Welcome, Nina! A short summary of her planned PhD research can be found below.

The Shona languages of Southern Africa form a large, closely-related and relatively well-studied group of Bantu languages. Despite a wealth of synchronic data on these language varieties, the history of Shona languages and their speakers is not well-understood. I will test a new proposal that would revolutionize the understanding of Shona’s linguistic history by recognizing what has been referred to as a ‘spread-over-spread’ event, bringing into question its position within Southern Bantu. Even though lexicon-based classifications strongly support a close relationship between Shona and Southern Bantu, many common Southern Bantu phonological and morphological innovations are not shared with Shona. Earlier studies suggest that Shona might be more closely related to Bantu languages of Malawi. Further, initial evidence suggests that successive layers of language contact in Shona correspond to large-scale contact events: the Great Zimbabwe empire, the Indian Ocean trade network, and European colonialism. In this study, I investigate this ‘spread-over-spread’ scenario in three ways: by initiating the reconstruction of Proto-Shona, by establishing the position of Shona languages within the Bantu family via lexicon-based phylogenetics, and by untangling successive phases of language contact in Shona. This research adds to the understanding of the genesis and evolution of Shona languages and their position in Bantu, as well as the early history of Zimbabwe and Southern Africa.